Definition and Examples of Symbolic Action

A term used by 20th-century rhetorician Kenneth Burke to refer in general to systems of communication that rely on symbols. Symbolic Action According to Burke In Permanence and Change (1935), Burke distinguishes human language as symbolic action from the linguistic behaviors of nonhuman species. In Language as Symbolic Action (1966), Burke states that all language is inherently persuasive because symbolic acts do something as well as say something. Books such as Permanence and Change (1935) and Attitudes Toward History (1937) explore symbolic action in such areas as magic, ritual, history, and religion, while A Grammar of Motives (1945) and A Rhetoric of Motives work out what Burke calls the dramatistic basis of all symbolic action. (Charles L. ONeill, Kenneth Burke. Encyclopedia of the Essay, ed. by Tracy Chevalier. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997) Language and Symbolic Action Language is a species of action, symbolic action--and its nature is such that it can be used as a tool. . . .I define literature as a form of symbolic action, undertaken for its own sake.(Kenneth Burke, Language as Symbolic Action. Univ. of California Press, 1966)To comprehend symbolic action, [Kenneth] Burke dialectically compares it with practical action. The chopping down of a tree is a practical act whereas the writing about the chopping of a tree is a symbolic art. The internal reaction to a situation is an attitude, and the externalization of that attitude is a symbolic action. Symbols can be used for practical purposes or for sheer joy. For instance, we may use symbols to earn a living or because we like to exercise our ability to use them. However philosophically distinct the two are, they often overlap.(Robert L. Heath, Realism and Relativism: A Perspective on Kenneth Burke. Mercer Univ. Press, 1986)The lack of a clear definition of symbolic action in The Philosophy of Liter ary Form [Kenneth Burke, 1941] is not the weakness some might imagine it to be, for the idea of symbolic action is just a beginning point. Burke is simply distinguishing between broad classes of human experience, with the intention of confining his discussion to the dimensions of action in language. Burke is more interested in how we craft language into a strategic or stylized answer (that is, in how symbolic action works) than in defining symbolic action in the first place. (Ross Wolin, The Rhetorical Imagination of Kenneth Burke. Univ. of South Carolina Press, 2001) Multiple Meanings The conclusion to be drawn from setting various definitions of symbolic action side by side is that [Kenneth] Burke does not mean the same thing every time he uses the term. . . . An examination of the many uses of the term reveals that it has three separate but interrelated meanings . . .: linguistic, representative, and purgative-redemptive. The first includes all verbal action; the second covers all acts which are representative images of the essential self; and the third includes all acts with a purgative-redemptive function. Clearly, symbolic action includes much more than poetry; and clearly, almost anything from the full range of human action could be a symbolic act in one or more of the senses given above. . . .Burkes almost dogmatic assertion that all poetic acts are always symbolic acts in all three meanings is one of the unique features of his system. His argument is that though any act may be symbolic in one or more ways, all poems are always representative, purgative-redemptive acts. This means that every poem is the true image of the self which created it, and that every poem performs a purgative-redemptive function for the self. (William H. Ruec kert, Kenneth Burke and the Drama of Human Relations, 2nd ed. Univ. of California Press, 1982)

Economic Analysis of China and Australia - 1735 Words

Economic Growth. China. China is classed by the World Bank as a lower middle-income country. Chinas real GDP grew at a rate of 9.1% in 2003, up from 8.0% in 2002, meaning that even economic growth is increasing rapidly in China. Chinas GDP growth rate is even faster than the US, and has enjoyed some double-digit growth rate since it has opened to economic reform. This rapid growth had brought opportunities and challenges - both for China and for the rest of the world. - PPP GDP - $6.5 trillion US, second in the world - PPP GDP/capita - $5 000 US -GDP - $1.46 trillion US -GDP growth - 9.4% -GDP/capita - $1 100 US - GNI - $1.4 trillion US - GNI/capita - $1 010 US - Exchange rate - 8.28 RMB for 1 US, 10.24 RMB for 1 Euro This is†¦show more content†¦Also, in Australia the labour force participation rate for men was 83.6% whilst it was 67.8% for females, however, this is comparatively high for women as they are now returning to the work force. Stats show that 46% of women work part time mainly due to children. Employment from sectors - Primary: 5.6% Secondary: 11.9% Tertiary: 82.5% GDP composition/sector - Agriculture: 3.5% Industry: 26.3 Services: 70.2% Quality of Life China Life expectancy - 70.9 Adult literacy rate - 90.9 HDI - 0.745, ranked 94 Chinas ranking of Human Development Index (HDI) subsequently rises from 104 to 94 in 177 countries in the world. According to the survey, 80.1 per cent of Chinese people feel positive about Chinas overall quality of life, while only 2.6 per cent feel negative. Findings from this study underscore the environmental concerns of the Chinese leadership:  · Each year, an estimated 178,000 Chinese in major cities suffer premature deaths because of atmospheric pollution in excess of standards. Also, acid rain from high sulfur regions heavily damages the environment each year to crops and forests  · Water pollution, a major focal point of recent Chinese policy, has contaminated 52 of 135 monitored urban river sections. These sections do not even meet theShow MoreRelatedSample Resume For A Business Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesPART A QUE:-Identify and assess political, economic, socio-cultural and technological factors in market that impact on international marketing opportunities Two international markets I have chosen for this assignment are as below here: 1. Australia 2. China PEST ANALYSIS AUSTRALIA CHINA Political Political Stable political environment, very easy visa for tourist like on arrival visa Stable government and flexible visa process between NZ and China as well as more focused on e-commerce developmentRead MoreA Report On An Australian Company Within Automotive Industry997 Words   |  4 Pagespositive step to move the factory overseas. 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Journalism during War Essay Example For Students

Journalism during War Essay Andrew Ramocki Throughout history civilians have been unable to understand the hardships that war unleashes. Since ancient times people who have never seen war looked at it with only glory and honor. That is because many of them have never seen the effects of war. Not until the Civil War was there communication between the media, the military, and the rest of the U.S. For the first time the media was on the battlefields risking their lives and getting killed for the sake of the best story in tomorrows paper. Journalism is the largest form of communication during war and the correspondents risk their lives for some information. Every conflict has its own rules that govern how the newspaper reporters and film crews will work and broadcast in the country. They are also told when, where, and whom they can interview. It also depends on who is making the rules. Sometimes government information officers or military commanders do but usually they are militias or just men with guns (Parks, 7). During the Civil War the media did not have any restrictions on their movement, only that they did not receive any information from the military about troop movements. Newspaper reporters from New York were on the battlefield and in the midst of war. During the Civil War battle Gettysburg a reporter named Sam Wilkeson printed his experience from a house near the warzone. A shell screamed over the house, instantly followed by another, and in a moment the air was full of the most complete artillery prelude to an infantry battle that was ever exhibited (Lewis, 45). He explained how houses thirty feet away from him were receiving their death and Union soldiers were torn to pieces in the road with a cry of pain and horror (Lewis, 46). Henry Laouchere was a war correspondent in 1870 when the Prussians invaded Paris. He reported the Seige in the British embassy. Every dispatch that he sent out was by balloon over Prussian lines and resulted in the Daily News Circulation all over Europe (Lewis, 58). Loren Jenkins always believed and preached to her correspondents saying, No story is worth anyones life, but gauging the dangers is hard (Parks, 2). When people realized the horrors of war from reading the newspapers people would not want to go to war. In the beginning of World War II Russia was quick to go to war with Finland and it resulted in a horrific winter in November of 1939 until when Finland fell in March of 1941. Reporters nicknamed a stretch of land Dead Mans Land where two Russian divisions were annihilated by machine gun fire and artillery. The area was just a wasteland of bodies frozen in positions where they were holding a wound or huddled together (Lewis, 242) When War is being published in newspapers such stories not only turn people off to war but many militarys let the newspapers create Heroes from the war so that the politicians will be reelected when the time comes. World War I also had many great correspondents risking their lives for good news. Leon Trotsky was a correspondent during the Balkan wars in 1912. He noted that there was hardly any mobilization of forces when the media from all over the world flocked to the Balkans. They rented Hotel Rooms, filled cafs, and ministerial waiting rooms. They began to curse ministers who declined to be interviewed and military operators who were keeping secret information from them (Lewis, 130). One of the best kept secrets of war is the fact that prisoners are treated with respect and considerate care somewhere in a camp. During this war journalists witnessed a group of prisoners being forced to push wheelbarrow after wheelbarrow of manure. They were not allowed to be photographed because the NCO would not allow it (Lewis, 132). When asked why they could not photograph the prisoners they told them that they were being accused of treating the prisoners badly. Instead they told the reporter to come back the next day when they were having their mid- afternoon meal. The Newspapers did however report how the quarters of the prisoners consisted of sacks of straw and sometimes just straw in a large room littered with bodies (Lewis, 133). .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .postImageUrl , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:hover , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:visited , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:active { border:0!important; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:active , .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75 .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u892ef2352efcc20c9345603c49087f75:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: King Leopold's Ghost Essay During Englands battle with the Germans at the Battle of the Somme in July of 1916 an interview occurred with an unknown soldier. He had just survived a 150 yard charge across No Mans Land. I was just mad at the time. Snipers had .

All About Plastics

All About Plastics Every day, people use plastics in various applications. Over the last 50 to 60 years, the uses for plastic have expanded to infiltrate virtually every aspect of life. Because of how versatile the material is, and how affordable it can be, it has taken the place of other products including wood and metals. The properties of the various types of plastics make it beneficial for manufacturers to use. Consumers like it because it is easy to use, lightweight and easy to maintains. Types of Plastics Overall, there are about 45 unique types of plastics and each type has dozens of different variations. Manufacturers can change the physical structure just slightly to benefit the application for which they are using it. When manufacturers change or modify things like the molecular weight distribution, the density or the melt indices, they alter the effectiveness and create plastics with many specific properties - and therefore many different uses. Two Plastic Categories There are two main types of plastics, thermoset plastics and thermoplastics. Breaking these down further, you can see the everyday uses of each type. With thermoset plastics, the plastic will hold its shape long term once it has cooled to room temperature and hardened thoroughly. This type of plastic cannot return to its original form - it cannot be melted down into its original form. Epoxy resins and polyurethanes are some examples of this type of thermosetting plastic. It is commonly used in tires, auto parts, and composites. The second category is thermoplastics. Here, you have more flexibility and versatility. Because it will return to its original form when heated, these plastics are commonly used in various applications. They can be made into films, fibers, and other forms. Specific Types of Plastics Below are some of the specific types of plastics and how they are in use today. Consider their chemical properties and benefits, too: PET or Polyethylene terephthalate - This plastic is ideal for food storage and water bottles. It is commonly used for things like storage bags, too. It does not leach into the food, but is sturdy and can be drawn into fibers or films. PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride - It is brittle but stabilizers are added to it. This makes it a softer plastic thats easy to mold into various shapes. It is commonly used in plumbing applications because of its durability. Polystyrene - Commonly known as Styrofoam, it is one of the less ideal options today for environmental reasons. However, it is very lightweight, easy to mold and it works as an insulator. That is why it is heavily used in furniture, cabinetry, glasses and other impact-resistant surfaces. It is also commonly added with a blowing agent to create foam insulation. Polyvinylidine Chloride (PVC) - Commonly known as Saran, this plastic is used in wraps to cover food. It is impermeable to odors from food and can be drawn into various films. Polytetrafluoroethylene - A growing popular choice is this plastic also known as Teflon. First manufactured by DuPont in 1938, it is a heat-resistant form of plastic. It is very stable and strong and is unlikely to be damaged by chemicals. Moreover, it creates a surface that is almost frictionless. This is why it is used in various cookware (nothing sticks to it) and in tubing,  plumbing tapes and in waterproof coating products. Polypropylene - Commonly called just PP, this plastic has various forms. However, it has uses in many applications including tubes, car trims, and bags. Polyethylene - Also known as HDPE or LDPE, it is one of the most common forms of plastics. New formations of it make it possible for this plastic to be flat. Its initial uses were for electrical wires but it is now found in many disposable products, including gloves and garbage bags. It is also used in other film applications such as wraps, as well as in bottles. The use of plastics every day is more commonplace than many might think. By making small changes to these chemicals, new and versatile solutions are obtained.

101 Prososal and Bien Pretty Professor Ramos Blog

101 Prososal and Bien Pretty The Game of Life Quick Write What do you wish you could do, or be better at? The Game of Life Jane McGonigal is a game designer. She wants to use games to make the world a better place. Why games? From the comments: Abstract: 1. Physical resilience: Move a bit every hour instead of sitting still, for example stand up and take 3 steps or lift your arms up for 5 seconds (increases physical health). 2. Mental resilience: Snap fingers with both hands for exactly 50 times or count from 100 to 0 with decrements of 7 (yes you stop at 2 or -5) (increases willpower and other things). 3. Emotional resilience: Watch in or out the window or look at a picture of your favourite baby animal (Feel love. I take it you have to try and look at people when you are watching in or out of your window). Try to think of, or experience 3 good things for every 1 bad thing as often as bad things occur. 4. Social Resilience: Shake hands with someone for 6 seconds or send a message to someone saying thank you (boost your oxytocin by touching people or showing gratitude). Repeat often (didnt say clearly how often but for the rest of your life) and live 10 years longer than is the average age of people. Non-Zero Days Bien Pretty (137) Characters, Themes. Bien Pretty Literary Analysis Free Writing Five minutes of free writing on whatever story you are thinking about writing on. Try to connect to the topic you are thinking about. Five minutes writing starting with the topic and what the support is going to be. Proposal 200 – 400 Words You can analyze a character, theme, or any of the items we will discuss in class. Pick something that interests you. An effective proposal has a narrow focus, clear thesis, includes primary claims, and context for why you think this is important to write about. Make sure you are annotating your book as you read so that you can easily find quotes and sections to include in your analysis paper. Questions to consider before writing your proposal: What is your topic? Why are you writing about this? Why does it interest you? Do you need to do any research to help with your analysis? What is your initial analysis for this paper? What is your original thesis? Homework Read There was a Man, There was a Woman (133) Proposal for Lit Analysis (10 points)

Alibaba Group in the Marketplace of China Case Study

Alibaba Group in the Marketplace of China - Case Study Example The case describes the corporate strategy of Alibaba Group, one of the leading e-commerce international organizations. The company was started in the year 1999, and since then it had grown rapidly and grasped the e-commerce market through their business approaches. Despite the financial turmoil in a global business environment, Alibaba Group had placed itself strongly in the market and beset the difficulties to progress further. The aggressive growth strategy had helped the organization to achieve the competitive advantage. The company started providing basic facilities to its users and increased its customer base. Problem Statement The creation of corporate advantage at Alibaba Group has been discussed in this segment. It also deals with the fact that if the corporate advantage thus created is sustainable. Alternative Solutions and Approaches to the Problem The main strategy which provides Alibaba Group with corporate advantage is its series of growth movements. Alibaba Group had ex panded its market reach rapidly with the introduction of Taobao in the year 2003, which is an internet shopping platform. Jack Ma understood the prospects in the e-commerce sector and accordingly had taken possible steps to achieve higher market share. The keyword bidding was becoming beneficial in China, therefore, Taobao launched â€Å"Zhi Tong Che† service in the year 2008 which provides people to bid for keywords in exchange of special advertisement status. As trust is one of the vital factors for performing business in China, Taobao had introduced â€Å"Alipay† service in the year 2004. Through this service, the company successfully eliminated the settlement risk of payment which had assisted to generate faith among sellers and customers. In the year 2005, Alibaba Group had acquired â€Å"China Yahoo!† in order to strengthen its market presence. This strategy lets Alibaba Group integrate and join resources for development. The other strategy of Alibaba Grou p included investing in the international market to attract more customers. In the year 2006, the company had invested in â€Å"Koubei.com†. Besides, the company has also started the joint business with â€Å"Softbank Corporation† in Japan.

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent Essay

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent - Essay Example Historical process of nationalism will indicate that the nationalism as a process started in the Europe during 19th Century.(Anthony,1993). On a larger scale it attempts to provide the criterion for the creation or ownership of the legitimacy of power over a State by people having certain characteristics. This doctrine therefore indicates that the societies in the world are divided based on the nations each having their own distinctive characteristics and as such the only form of legitimate government can only arise if national self government is imposed over the State. Thus nationalism is necessarily considered as a political ideology which advocates the case of controlling the State by a nation. Since State derives the legitimate obediences it is therefore argued that to wield the control over the population and achieve political legitimacy it is critical that the power must be relocated to a nation to govern the State. (Featherstone,1990) French Revolution is considered as the starting point from where the emergence of strong nationalistic sentiments started to emerge and dominate the political scene of the countries. At this point, it was clearly established that the only sovereign is the nation with the sole power of making laws to its citizens therefore the individuals must show the loyalty to the nation. French Revolution is critical in the sense that it was the turning point to break away the barriers that separated the various regions of the country and united them as a one nation based on single language and culture.